Efecto del Programa de Rehabilitación Cardiaca del Hospital San Vicente Paúl sobre parámetros bioquímicos, antropométricos y funcionales en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica del 1º de enero del 2014 al 31 de diciembre del 2015 / Effect of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program of the Hospital San Vicente Paúl on biochemical, anthropometric and functional parameters in patients with ischemic heart disease from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015

Resumen Introducción y objetivos: Los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca (RHC) son considerados como los más eficaces entre las intervenciones de prevención secundaria. El cual su función es mejorar la sobrevida como así también, la calidad de vida de estos enfermos. El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es analizar el impacto de un Programa de Rehabilitación Cardiaca en pacientes portadores de cardiopatía isquémica con respecto a parámetros bioquímicos, antropométricos y funcionales. Pacientes y métodos: Fue un estudio observacional retrospectivo, unicéntrico, con seguimiento de 3 años. Se incluyo un total de 228 pacientes. Con criterios de inclusión: >18 años, con EAC y al menos una comorbilidad de riesgo cardiovascular que completaran el PRC. Se excluyó enfermedad valvular sin cardiopatía isquémica preexistente, infarto agudo al miocardio reciente, ángor inestable, obstrucción del tracto de salida del ventrículo izquierdo, y los que no cumplieron el PRC. Resultados: De los 228 pacientes que se incluyeron el PRC del HSVP el 70,7% eran hombres y el 29,3% eran mujeres con diagnóstico de cardiopatía isquémica. El promedio de edad era de 60.2 +- 11.4 años en total entre hombres y mujeres. El peso de los pacientes masculinos previo al ingreso del PRC fue de 77,7 kg +-13,2 kg, y las mujeres 69,7 kg +- 13,1 kg. Al final del fue de 75,5 kg +-13,1 kg y el de las mujeres era de 68,3 +- 13,1 kg. En la caminata de 6 minutos el promedio de mujeres al inicio fue de 390,0 mts y el de los hombres de 386,6, y la segunda vez posterior a la rehabilitación en hombres fue de 595,8 +- 107,2 y el de las mujeres fue de 549+-102,4. Los niveles de PCR de los hombres al inicio del programa fue de 1,2 +-2,4 mg/dL y el de las mujeres fue de 1,5 +- 1,9 mg/dL al finalizar los hombres tuvieron un promedio de 1,8+-3,0 Conclusiones: Los PRC dependen de la participación de profesionales de la salud que trabajen en equipo para alcanzar resultados finales, los cuales están basados no solo en el ejercicio sino también en el cambio de estilo de vida del paciente, por lo tanto, necesita de servicios asociados como fisioterapia, nutrición, psicología.

Abstract Effect of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program of the Hospital San Vicente Paúl on biochemical, anthropometric and functional parameters in patients with ischemic heart disease from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015 Introduction and objectives: Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs, are considered the most effective programs among secondary prevention interventions. The function is to improve survival as well as the quality of life of these patients. The main objective of this work is to analyze the impact of Cardiac Rehabilitation Program in patients with ischemic heart disease with the respect biochemical, anthropometric and functional parameters. Patients and method: A observational, retrospective single-center, study with a 3-year-follow up. A total of 228 patients were included, witch 70.7% were men with an average of 60.2+-11.4 years. The inclusion criteria were: > 18 years with CAD and at least one cardiovascular risk comorbidity and completed the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program. Valvular disease without pre-existing ischemic heart disease, recent acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and those who did not went to the Program. Results: The 228 patients who were included in the HSVP CRP, 70.7% were men and 29.3% were women with a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. The average age was 60.2 + - 11.4 years in total between men and women. The weight of male patients prior to admission to the CRP was 77.7 kg + -13.2 kg, and women 69.7 kg + -13.1 kg. At the end of the program, the weight of the men was 75.5 kg + -13.1 kg and that of the women was 68.3 + - 13.1 kg. The total waist circumference at the start of the program was 100.1 ± 11.4 cm. In women the average was 98.4 + - 12.7cm, that of men was 101.1 + - 10.8 cm. At the end of the program, the total average of men and women was 96.7 + - 11.0, the average of women at the end of the program was 96.2 + - 12.6 cm and of men was 96. 9 + - 10. In the 6-minute walk, the average of women at the beginning was 390.0 meters and that of men was 386.6, and the second time after rehabilitation in men was 595.8 + - 107.2 and the of women it was 549 + -102.4. In men, the previous total cholesterol was 154.8 + -39.7 mg / dL and that of women was 162.0 + -40.2 mg / dL and at the end of the program the value of men was 161 .6 + -46.0 mg / dL and 170.8 + -41.8 mg / dL for women. The CRP levels of the men at the beginning of the program was 1.2 + -2.4 mg / dL and that of the women was 1.5 + - 1.9 mg / dL at the end of the program, the men had an average of 1.8 + -3.0. Conclusion: The Cardiac Rehabilitation Program depends on the partipation of health professionals care who work as a team to achieve final results, witch are based not only on exercise but also on the change in the patient's lifestyle, therefore, they need associated services such as physiotherapy, nutrition, psychology.

Revisión sistemática: costo-efectividad, acceso y adherencia a programas de ejercicio supervisado en pacientes con claudicación intermitente / Systematic review: cost-effectiveness, access and adherence to supervised exercise programs in patients with intermittent claudication

OBJETIVO: Determinar las razones de la escasa derivación, acceso, y adherencia a programas de ejercicio supervisado (PES) en pacientes con claudicación intermitente (CI) y la costo-efectividad de estos programas a nivel Internacional. MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron las fuentes de datos de PubMed y ScienceDirect. Se incluyeron revisiones con acceso completo, publicados desde el año 2010, que incluían como mínimo 3 artículos de tipo cuantitativo. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 5 Revisiones asociadas a los resultados del ejercicio supervisado, su costo-efectividad, la baja derivación y adherencia a PES de los pacientes con CI. En cuanto a la costo-efectividad los resultados indican que los PES fueron rentables con un ICER de £711 a £1.608 por QALY ganado al compararlos con ejercicio no supervisado, y al compararlos con la cirugía de revascularización (CR) no hay diferencia significativa en QALY ganados, sin embargo, el costo por QALY fue €381.694 más alto para la CR. Por otro lado, las principales razones de la subutilización de los PES, es que los pacientes se resisten a asistir, ya que involucra un esfuerzo y responsabilidad, además de tener problemas de reembolso, teniendo baja adherencia. Sumado a esto, el interés personal de los médicos por realizar intervenciones que involucran pago por servicio produce una baja derivación (45% de cirujanos en Europa refieren menos del 50% de sus pacientes). CONCLUSIÓN: Las principales dificultades para adoptar los PES serían una carencia en la destinación de recursos, falta de centros, dificultad de traslado, falta de tiempo, o de interés por parte de los pacientes, además de incentivos financieros a otras alternativas de tratamiento por sobre PES lo que limita su derivación.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the reasons for the limited derivation, access and adherence to supervised exercise programs (SEP) in patients with intermittent claudication (IC) and the cost-effectiveness of these programs internationally. METHODS: PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched. Revisions with full access, published since 2010, which included at least 3 quantitative type articles. RESULTS: 5 reviews were included, these were associated with the results of the supervised exercise, its cost-effectiveness, the low referral and adherence to programs of patients with IC. Regarding cost-effectiveness, the results indicated that SEP were more cost-effective with an ICER of £711 to £1.608 per QALY gained when compared with unsupervised exercise, and that when compared with revascularization surgery (RC) there was no significant difference in QALYs, however the cost per QALY was € 381.694 higher for the RC. On the other hand, the main reasons for the underutilization of SEP are that patients are reluctant to attend, since it involves effort and responsibility, in addition to having reimbursement problems, therefore having low adherence. Added to this, the personal interest of doctors in performing interventions that involve payment for service produce a low referral (45% of surgeons in Europe refer less than 50% of their patients) CONCLUSION: The main difficulties in adopting the SEP would be a lack in the allocation of resources, lack of centers, difficulty of transportation, lack of time or lack of interest from patients, in addition to financial incentives to other treatment alternatives over SEP, which limits their referral.

Desigualdades e fatores associados ao tratamento do problema crônico de coluna no Brasil / Chronic low back pain treatment in Brazil: inequalities and associated factors

Resumo O Problema Crônico de Coluna (PCC) é uma das doenças mais prevalentes no mundo e representa uma das principais causas de anos de vida perdidos por incapacidade. Embora de grande relevância para a saúde pública, estudos sobre o acesso e a utilização dos tipos de tratamento são escassos. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os principais tratamentos para PCC no Brasil, analisar os fatores associados à sua utilização e discutir possíveis desigualdades na utilização de fisioterapia /exercícios e a utilização de medicamentos. A partir da PNS 2013 foram realizadas análises descritivas sobre prevalência de PCC e regressão logística múltipla para analisar a associação segundo as características demográficas, socioeconômicas, a situação da saúde, a limitação causada pelo PCC, acesso a serviços de saúde e regionais. Ter ensino superior aumenta 2,39 vezes as chances de realizar fisioterapia, no entanto, a escolaridade não se mostrou associada à utilização de medicamentos. Indivíduos de estratos superiores apresentam quase 2 vezes mais chances de realizar fisioterapia, o que não foi observado para medicamentos. Sobre as condições de saúde, o aumento do grau da limitação por PCC eleva a chance de uso de medicamentos em até 3,5 vezes, mas não varia quando associado à realização de fisioterapia.

Abstract Chronic low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common diseases in the world and one of the leading causes of years of life lost due to disability. Despite being a major public health concern, studies on access to and use of different types of treatment are scarce. The aim of this article is to describe the most common treatments for chronic LBP in Brazil, examine the factors associated with the use of these treatments, and discuss possible inequalities in the use of physical therapy/exercise and medications. A descriptive analysis was performed using data from the 2013 National Health Survey. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to determine the association between treatment use and demographic, socioeconomic, health status, access to health services, and geographical characteristics. People with higher education were 2.39 times more likely to do physiotherapy. However, no association was found between education level and medication use. People in social class A/B were almost twice as likely to do physical therapy. However, there was no association between social status and medication use. People with a very high or high degree of functional limitation were 3.5 times more likely to use medication. However, no association was observed between functional limitation and physical therapy use.

Cognitive stimulations effects and Taigeiko in elderly women's cognition: an intervention / Los efectos de estímulos cognitivos y Taigeiko en la cognición de idosas: una intervención / Efeitos de estímulos cognitivos e Taigeiko na cognição de idosas: uma intervenção

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention through cognitive stimulation associated with Taigeiko practice in memory performance and executive function of elderly women, compared to a group exposed to Taigeiko alone. Method: A quasi-experimental study was performed with 16 elderly women. 10 were allocated to the experimental group (EG) submitted to 16 sessions of cognitive stimulation and Taigeiko, and 6 elderly women in the control group (CG) submitted to Taigeiko alone. Cognition was assessed before and after intervention by the tests: Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning (RAVLT); Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test; Trail-Making Test; Stroop Effect; Digit Span Test and Semantic Verbal Fluency Test. Results: Both groups presented differences in RAVLT domains (EG p=0.004, CG p=0.005) and Stroop Effect (EG p=0.012; CG p=0.024). However, in EG, better scores were shown in the tests, although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Taigeiko has been shown to be a potential activity in obtaining cognitive gains, independently of the associated cognitive stimulation.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención por medio de estímulos cognitivos asociados a la práctica de Taigeiko en el desempeño de la memoria y función ejecutiva de ancianas, comparado a un grupo expuesto al Taigeiko aisladamente. Método: Estudio casi experimental con 16 ancianas, siendo 10 asignadas en el grupo experimental (GE) y sometidas a 16 sesiones de estimulación cognitiva y Taigeiko; y 6 ancianas en el grupo control (GC), sometidas al Taigeiko aisladamente. La cognición fue evaluada antes y después de la intervención por medio de las pruebas: Aprendizaje Aditivo-Verbal de Rey (RAVLT); Figuras Complejas de Rey; Rutas; Efecto Stroop; Span de Dígitos y Fluidez Verbal Semántica. Resultados: Los dos grupos presentaron diferencias en los dominios del RAVLT (GE p=0,004; GC p=0,005) y en el Efecto Stroop (GE p=0,012; GC p=0,024). Sin embargo, en el GE se evidenciaron mejores puntuaciones en las pruebas, aunque sin significancia estadística. Conclusión: El Taigeiko demostró ser una potencial actividad en la obtención de ganados cognitivos, independientemente de la estimulación cognitiva asociada.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção por meio de estímulos cognitivos associados à prática de Taigeiko no desempenho da memória e função executiva de idosas, comparado a um grupo exposto ao Taigeiko isoladamente. Método: Estudo quase-experimental com 16 idosas, sendo 10 alocadas no grupo experimental (GE) submetidas a 16 sessões de estimulação cognitiva e Taigeiko, e 6 idosas no grupo controle (GC) submetidas ao Taigeiko isoladamente. A cognição foi avaliada pré e pós-intervenção pelos testes: Aprendizagem Aditivo-Verbal de Rey (RAVLT); Figuras Complexas de Rey; Trilhas; Stroop; Span de Dígitos e Fluência Verbal Semântica. Resultados: Ambos os grupos apresentaram diferenças em domínios do RAVLT (GE p=0,004; GC p=0,005) e do Teste Stroop (GE p=0,012; GC p=0,024). No entanto, no GE foram evidenciados melhores escores nos testes, embora sem significância estatística. Conclusão: O Taigeiko demonstrou ser uma potencial atividade na obtenção de ganhos cognitivos, independente da estimulação cognitiva associada.

Relationship between availability of physiotherapy services and ICU costs / Relação entre a disponibilidade de serviços de fisioterapia e custos de UTI

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether 24-h availability of physiotherapy services decreases ICU costs in comparison with the standard 12 h/day availability among patients admitted to the ICU for the first time. Methods: This was an observational prevalence study involving 815 patients ≥ 18 years of age who had been on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for ≥ 24 h and were discharged from an ICU to a ward at a tertiary teaching hospital in Brazil. The patients were divided into two groups according to h/day availability of physiotherapy services in the ICU: 24 h (PT-24; n = 332); and 12 h (PT-12; n = 483). The data collected included the reasons for hospital and ICU admissions; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score; IMV duration, ICU length of stay (ICU-LOS); and Omega score. Results: The severity of illness was similar in both groups. Round-the-clock availability of physiotherapy services was associated with shorter IMV durations and ICU-LOS, as well as with lower total, medical, and staff costs, in comparison with the standard 12 h/day availability. Conclusions: In the population studied, total costs and staff costs were lower in the PT-24 group than in the PT-12 group. The h/day availability of physiotherapy services was found to be a significant predictor of ICU costs.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar se a disponibilidade de serviços de fisioterapia 24 h/dia reduz os custos de UTI comparada à disponibilidade padrão de 12 h/dia entre pacientes admitidos pela primeira vez na UTI. Métodos: Estudo de prevalência observacional, envolvendo 815 pacientes ≥ 18 anos de idade que estavam em ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI) por ≥ 24 h e que tiveram alta de uma UTI para uma enfermaria em um hospital universitário terciário no Brasil. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a disponibilidade de serviços de fisioterapia na UTI em h/dia: 24 h (PT-24; n = 332); e 12 h (PT-12; n = 483). Os dados coletados incluíram os motivos das internações hospitalares e das admissões na UTI; a pontuação Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II); a duração da VMI; o tempo de permanência na UTI (TP-UTI); e o escore Ômega. Resultados: A gravidade da doença foi similar em ambos os grupos. A disponibilidade ininterrupta de serviços de fisioterapia foi associada a tempos menores de VMI e TP-UTI, bem como a menores custos (totais, médicos e com pessoal), comparada à disponibilidade padrão de 12 h/dia. Conclusões: Na população estudada, os custos totais e os custos com pessoal foram menores no grupo PT-24 do que no grupo PT-12. A disponibilidade em h/dia dos serviços de fisioterapia mostrou ser um preditor significativo dos custos de UTI.

Pre-Participation Physical Fitness does not Influence Adherence to a Supervised Exercise Program / Aptidão Física Pré-Participação não Influencia a Aderência a um Programa de Exercício Supervisionado

Abstract Background: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation tends to reduce mortality. However, it requires medium/long-term adherence to regular physical exercise. It is relevant to identify the variables that affect adherence to an supervised exercise program (SEP). Objective: To evaluate the influence of pre-participation levels of aerobic and non-aerobic physical fitness components in medium-term adherence to SEP. Methods: A total of 567 SEP participants (65 ± 12 years) (68% men) were studied. Participants adherent to the program for less than 6 months (48%) (non-adherent - NAD) were compared with 52% of participants who were adherent for 6 months or more (adherents - AD). In the non-aerobic fitness, flexibility (FLX) (Flexitest) and muscle power (MPW)/body weight in standing rowing (watts/kg) were evaluated while aerobic fitness was obtained by direct measure of VO2max/body weight (VO2). These measurements were normatized for sex and age based on percentiles (P) (P-FLX/P-MPW) of reference data or percentages of predicted (P-VO2). Additionally, AD and NAD with extreme results (tertiles) were simultaneously compared for the three variables. Results: There was no difference between AD and NAD for non-aerobic results, in median [P25-P75], P-FLX: 30 [13-56] and 31 [9-52], respectively, (p = 0.69) and P-MPW: 34 [17-58] and 36 [16-62], respectively (p = 0.96), and for aerobic results (mean ± standard error) P-VO2 (75.9 ± 1.3% and 75.0 ± 1.3%, respectively) (p = 0.83). When comparing extreme tertiles, a difference was found for P-MPW in the lower tertile only, with a slight advantage of AD over NAD- 9 [5-16] versus 4 [1-11] (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Although awareness of the pre-participation levels of aerobic and non-aerobic physical fitness components is useful for individualized exercise prescription, these variables do not seem to influence medium-term adherence to SEP.

Resumo Fundamento: Reabilitação cardíaca com ênfase em exercício tende a reduzir a mortalidade. Contudo, é necessário que haja aderência de médio/longo prazo ao exercício físico regular. Identificar variáveis influenciadoras da aderência a programas de exercício supervisionado (PES) é relevante. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência dos componentes da aptidão física aeróbica e não-aeróbica pré-participação na aderência de médio prazo a PES. Métodos: Foram estudados 567 participantes (65 ± 12 anos) (68% homens) de um PES. Os participantes aderentes por menos de 6 meses (48%) (não-aderentes - NAD) foram comparados aos 52% dos participantes aderentes por 6 meses ou mais (aderentes - AD). Na aptidão não-aeróbica avaliou-se flexibilidade (FLX) (Flexiteste) e potência muscular (PTO)/peso corporal na remada em pé (watts/kg). Na aeróbica foi medido o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 máx)/peso corporal. Essas medidas foram normalizadas para sexo e idade usando percentis (P) (P-FLX/P-PTO) de dados de referência ou percentuais do previsto (P-VO2). Adicionalmente, foram comparados AD e NAD com resultados extremos (tercis) simultaneamente para as três variáveis. Resultados: Não houve diferença entre AD e NAD para os resultados não-aeróbicos, em mediana [P25-P75], de P-FLX: 30[13-56] e 31[9-52], respectivamente (p = 0,69), e P-PTO: 34[17-58] e 36[16-62] (p = 0,96), respectivamente, e para resultados aeróbicos (média ± erro padrão) P-VO2 (75,9 ± 1,3% e 75,0 ± 1,3%), respectivamente (p = 0,83). Nos extremos, houve diferença apenas para P-PTO no tercil inferior com discreta vantagem dos AD sobre NAD - 9[5-16] versus 4[1-11] (p = 0,04). Conclusão: Embora seja útil conhecer os níveis pré-participação dos componentes de aptidão física aeróbica e não-aeróbica para a prescrição individualizada de exercício, essas variáveis não parecem influenciar a aderência de médio prazo a PES.

Effectiveness of core stabilization exercises and routine exercise therapy in management of pain in chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Background GtObjective: Low back pain is a frequent problem faced by the majority of people at some point in their lifetime. Exercise therapy has been advocated an effective treatment for chronic low back pain

However, there is lack of consensus on the best exercise treatment and numerous studies are underway

Conclusive studies are tacking especially in this part of the world. This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of specific stabilization exercises with routine physical therapy exercise provided in patients with nonspecific chronic mechanical low back pain

Methods: This is single blinded randomized control trial that was conducted at the department of physical therapy Orthopedic and Spine institute, Johar Town, Lahore in which 120 subjects with nonspecific chronic low back pain participated. Subjects with the age between 20 to 60 years and primary complaint of chronic low back pain were recruited after giving an informed consent. Participants were randomly assigned to two treatment groups A and B which were treated with core stabilization exercise and routine physical therapy exercise respectively. TENS and ultrasound were given as therapeutic modalities to both treatment groups. Outcomes of the treatment were recorded using Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] pretreatment, at 2[nd], 4[th] and 6[th] week post treatment

Results: The results of this study illustrate that clinical and therapeutic effects of core stabilization exercise program over the period of six weeks are more effective in terms of reduction in pain, compared to routine physical therapy exercise for similar duration. This study found significant reduction in pain across the two groups at 2[nd], 4[th] and 6[th] week of treatment with p value less than 0.05. There was a mean reduction of 3.08 and 1.71 on VAS across the core stabilization group and routine physical therapy exercise group respectively

Conclusion: Core stabilization exercise is more effective than routine physical therapy exercise in terms of greater reduction in pain in patients with non-specific low back pain

Level of Physical Activity and In-Hospital Course of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome / Nível de Atividade Física e Evolução Intra-Hospitalar de Pacientes com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda

Abstract Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the modern world. A sedentary lifestyle, present in 85% of the Brazilian population, is considered a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease. However, the correlation of a sedentary lifestyle with cardiovascular events (CVE) during hospitalization for ACS is not well established. Objective: To evaluate the association between physical activity level, assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), with in-hospital prognosis in patients with ACS. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study with 215 subjects with a diagnosis of ACS consecutively admitted to a referral hospital for cardiac patients between July 2009 and February 2011. All volunteers answered the short version of the IPAQ and were observed for the occurrence of CVE during hospitalization with a standardized assessment conducted by the researcher and corroborated by data from medical records. Results: The patients were admitted with diagnoses of unstable angina (34.4%), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without ST elevation (41.4%), and AMI with ST elevation (24.2%). According to the level of physical activity, the patients were classified as non-active (56.3%) and active (43.7%). A CVE occurred in 35.3% of the cohort. The occurrence of in-hospital complications was associated with the length of hospital stay (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15) and physical inactivity (OR = 2.54), and was independent of age, systolic blood pressure, and prior congestive heart failure. Conclusion: A physically active lifestyle reduces the risk of CVE during hospitalization in patients with ACS.

Resumo Fundamento: A síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) constitui uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade no mundo moderno. O sedentarismo, presente em 85% da população brasileira, é considerado fator de risco para o surgimento de doença arterial coronariana. Porém, não está bem estabelecida a correlação do sedentarismo com a ocorrência de eventos cardiovasculares (ECV) durante o internamento de portadores da SCA. Objetivo: Determinar o grau de atividade física de portadores de SCA, mediante a utilização do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ), associando com o prognóstico intra-hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal e analítico com 215 sujeitos admitidos consecutivamente com diagnóstico de SCA em um hospital de referência cardiológica no período de julho de 2009 a fevereiro de 2011. Todos os voluntários responderam à versão curta do IPAQ e foram seguidos quanto ao aparecimento de ECV durante o internamento, a partir de avaliação padronizada administrada pelo pesquisador, corroborada com dados do prontuário médico. Resultados: Os pacientes foram internados com diagnósticos de angina instável (34,4%), infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) sem supradesnivelamento de ST (41,4%) e IAM com supradesnivelamento de ST (24,2%). De acordo com o nível de atividade física, foram classificados em não ativos (56,3%) e ativos (43,7%). Constatou-se a presença de ECV em 35,3% da amostra. A ocorrência de complicação intra-hospitalar esteve associada ao tempo de internamento (odds ratio [OR] = 1,15) e inatividade física (OR = 2,54) e foi independente da idade, pressão arterial sistólica e insuficiência cardíaca congestiva prévia. Conclusão: Estilo de vida fisicamente ativo reduz o risco de ECV durante o internamento em pacientes com SCA.

Distância do domicílio ao local de exercício físico não influenciou a aderência de 796 participantes / Distance from home to exercise site did not influence the adherence of 796 participants

FUNDAMENTO: Uma das dificuldades para a manutenção da aderência de longo prazo a exercícios é a distância entre domicílio e local de exercício. OBJETIVO: Determinar, para um programa de exercício físico supervisionado (PES) privado, a influência da distância domicílio-PES sobre a aderência. MÉTODOS: Foram identificados 976 sujeitos e selecionados 796 que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. A distância domicílio-PES foi obtida pelo Google Maps. A aderência foi determinada em quartis (meses): de 1 a 4, 5 a 12, 13 a 36 e mais de 36. As condições clínicas foram estratificadas como: saudáveis; obesos e/ou hipertensos e/ou dislipidêmicos e/ou diabéticos sem doença coronariana; coronariopatas e outros agravos como câncer, pânico e doenças respiratórias. A distância domicílio-PES foi dividida em (km): até 1, entre 1 e 3, entre 3 e 10, e mais de 10. Para a análise estatística, utilizaram-se a ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis e o quiquadrado. RESULTADOS: Dos participantes, 46% residiam até 3 km, 39% entre 3 e 10 km e cerca de 15% moravam a mais de 10 km do local de realização do PES. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre as medianas dos meses de permanência no PES em função da distância domicílio-PES (p = 0,11). CONCLUSÃO: Para um determinado PES privado da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e funcionando de segunda a sábado com livre escolha de horário, a distância domicílio-PES não influenciou na aderência dos participantes. Isso provavelmente se deveu à qualidade do serviço prestado e/ou a ausência de opções mais próximas do local de domicílio dos participantes. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

BACKGROUND: One of the difficulties in maintaining long-term adherence to exercise is the distance from home to the place of exercise. OBJECTIVE: To determine, for a private supervised exercise program (PSEP), the influence of the home-PSEP distance on adherence. METHODS: We identified 976 individuals and selected 796 who met the inclusion criteria. The home-PSEP distance was obtained by the Google Maps. Adherence was determined by quartiles (months): 1-4, 5-12, 13-36 and more than 36. The clinical conditions were stratified as healthy, obese and/or hypertensive and/or dyslipidemic and/or diabetic patients without coronary disease; coronary artery disease patients and other health problems like cancer, respiratory disease and panic. The home-PSEP distance was divided into (km): up to 1, 1 to 3, 3 to 10 and more than 10. For the statistical analysis, we used the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and the chi-square test. RESULTS: Of respondents, 46% lived up to 3 km, 39% lived between 3 and 10 km and about 15% lived more than 10 kilometers from the place of the PSEP. No differences were found between the medians of the months of participation in the PSEP as a function of home-PSEP distance (p = 0.11). CONCLUSION: For a given PSEP in the city of Rio de Janeiro, open from Monday through Saturday with free choice of time, the home-PSEP distance did not influence the adherence of participants. This was probably due to the quality of the service and/or lack of places closer to the participants’ home. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

Effect of upper limb, lower limb and combined training on exercise performance, quality of life and survival in COPD

Because there are differences between the upper limb [UL] and lower limb [LL] muscles in terms of the morphological and functional adaptations in COPD patients, specific protocols for strength training and endurance should be developed and tested for the corresponding muscle groups. To elucidate the potential effects of unsupported UL and/or LL exercise training in patients with COPD. The 6-min walking distance [6-MWD], unsupported upper limb endurance [UULE] time, St. George's Respiratory questionnaire [SGRQ], BODE index and pulmonary function tests are used as outcome measures. A prospective, randomized controlled study of patients with COPD. Patients were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups, group A received UL training, group B received LL training, group C received both UL and LL training and group D received no training [controls]. Patients in group A, B, and C underwent exercise training 3 times weekly for 8 weeks. The outcome measures were carried out at study entry and after 8 weeks. 78 patients completed the study: 20 patients in group A, 21 in group B, 19 in group C and 18 in group D. Upper limb training significantly increased UULE time without affecting 6-MWD while LL training significantly increased 6-MWD without changing UULE time. Combined UL and LL training significantly increased both UULE time and 6-MWD. Significant reductions in the scores of SGRQ and BODE index were observed in groups A, B and C but not group D [control]. No changes were found in pulmonary function in all groups at the end of the study. In patients with COPD, combined UL and LL training significantly enhanced the exercise tolerance and quality of life and reduced the risk of death [BODE index] without any change in the pulmonary function

Treatment of pathological synovial plicae of the knee

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence, clinical significance, and clinical manifestations of pathological synovial plicae of the knee. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 2002 and 2006, 63 patients with pathological synovial plicae of the knee were studied. Of those 63 patients, 21 had the diagnosis confirmed by previously performed magnetic resonance imaging. All of the patients initially underwent conservative treatment for 90 days that involved strengthening and improving the flexibility of the muscles surrounding the knee as well as modification of their sports activities. RESULTS: A total of 55 patients improved after conservative treatment. Six of these patients eventually experienced a recurrence of symptoms, but the symptoms were not incapacitating in any of these patients. The other eight patients underwent arthroscopic removal of the synovial plica. Of these eight patients, six returned to their pretreatment physical activities, and two had persistent symptoms during physical activity. CONCLUSION: The presence of a synovial plica of the knee should be considered as a potential diagnosis in patients with knee pain, especially those who practice sports inappropriately. Conservative treatment is effective in most cases, and surgical treatment should be reserved for exceptional cases that do not improve with conservative treatment.

Adesão ao tratamento em pacientes com fibrose cística / Adherence to treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a adesão auto-relatada ao tratamento na fibrose cística (FC), estabelecendo associações com características da doença e com a adesão percebida pelos profissionais de saúde. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal, prospectivo, com pacientes atendidos por um programa para adultos com FC. O grau da adesão foi avaliado por questionário. Os pacientes foram divididos em grupo com elevada adesão e grupo com moderada/baixa adesão. Foram obtidos dados clínicos, medida do escore clínico de Shwachman-Kulczycki, medida do escore radiológico de Brasfield e espirometria. RESULTADOS: De 38 pacientes estudados, 31 (81,6 por cento) foram classificados como tendo elevada adesão e 7 (18,4 por cento) como moderada/baixa adesão. Houve correlação entre o escore de adesão auto-relatada e o escore clínico (r = -0,36, p = 0,028). O escore de adesão auto-relatada foi maior (mediana = 0,79) que o percebido pelo profissional (mediana = 0,71, p = 0,003). Adesão elevada foi auto-relatada em 84,2 por cento para a fisioterapia respiratória, em 21,1 por cento para a atividade física, em 65,8 por cento para dieta, em 96,3 por cento para enzimas pancreáticas, em 79,4 por cento para as vitaminas, em 76,7 por cento para o antibiótico inalatório e em 79,4 por cento para a dornase alfa. CONCLUSÕES: A adesão auto-relatada dos pacientes atendidos por um programa de adultos com FC foi elevada. Menor adesão foi observada com a dieta e a atividade física. O escore de adesão auto-relatada se correlacionou inversamente com o escore clínico. A adesão auto-relatada foi maior que a percebida pelos profissionais.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the self-reported degree of adherence to treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), investigating associations with characteristics of the disease and with the degree of adherence perceived by health professionals. METHODS: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study involving patients with CF monitored at a Program for Adults with CF. The degree of adherence was evaluated using a questionnaire. Patients were divided into two groups: greater degree of adherence and moderate/poor degree of adherence. Clinical data, Shwachman-Kulczycki clinical score, Brasfield radiographic score and spirometry data were obtained for all patients. RESULTS: Out of 38 patients studied, 31 (81.6 percent) were classified as presenting a greater degree of adherence and 7 (18.4 percent) as presenting a moderate/poor degree of adherence. The self-reported patient adherence score correlated with the clinical score (r = -0.36, p = 0.028). The self-reported patient adherence score (median = 0.79) was higher than that perceived by health professionals (median = 0.71, p = 0.003). A greater degree of adherence was self-reported for respiratory therapy (by 84.2 percent), exercise (by 21.1 percent), prescribed diet (by 65.8 percent), pancreatic enzymes (by 96.3 percent), vitamins (by 79.4 percent), inhaled antibiotic therapy (by 76.7 percent) and inhaled DNase (by 79.4 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported adherence of patients attending a Program for Adults with CF was good. The self-reported patient adherence score correlated inversely with the clinical score. Self-reported patient adherence was greater than the adherence perceived by health professionals.

Efectividad de la rehabilitación vestibular en una serie clínica / Effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation in a clinical series

Introducción: La rehabilitación vestibular (RV) consiste en ejercicios que aceleran la compensación laberíntica, aumentando y/o mejorando la actividad de los otros dos sistemas que intervienen en el sistema del equilibrio. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un programa de RV en pacientes de nuestro servicio de Otorrinolaringología, con inestabilidad en la marcha secundaria a patología vestibular. Material y método: Estudio prospectivo de pacientes con desequilibrio objetivado mediante examen de VIII par. Se les aplicó una encuesta deRV valorada para determinar el grado de desequilibrio y la alteración de actividades de la vida diaria. Al grupo estudiado se aplicaron ejercicios de RV durante 6 semanas, y el grupo control recibió tratamiento farmacológico estándar. Resultados: Se reclutaron 48 pacientes; 26 en el grupo estudiado y 22 en el grupo control. En el grupo en estudio, a las 6 semanas todos presentaron algún grado de mejoría, encontrándose sólo desequilibrio leve en 92 por ciento y mejoría total en 8 por ciento. En el grupo control, a las 6 semanas la sintomatología persistió en 50 por ciento de los pacientes y el 50 por ciento restante presentó aún desequilibrio leve; ninguno se recuperó totalmente. Discusión: La RV es un programa de ejercicios de aplicación no invasiva, de fácil realización en el hogar, que ha demostrado ser efectiva en la disminución de la inestabilidad, con lo cual se recobran gran parte de las actividades del diario vivir.

Introduction: Vestibular rehabilitation (VR) consists of a series of exercises that increase labyrinthine compensation and/or improve the activity of the other two systems that participate in balance. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a VR program in patients in our ORL department presenting with walking instability secondary to vestibular pathology. Material and method: Prospective study of patients with objective imbalance as demonstrated by VIII nerve test. Patients were asked to answer a questionnaire on VR in order to determine the degree of imbalance and the level of daily life disturbances. The study group was assigned to a VR exercise program for 6 weeks, while the control group received standard pharmacological treatment. Results: 48 patients were included, 26 in the study group and 22 in the control group. In the study group, after 6 weeks all patients showed some degree of symptoms improvement, with 92 percent reporting only mild imbalance, and with complete rehabilitation in 8 percent. In the control group, after 6 weeks symptoms persisted in 50 percent of patients, and the remaining 50 percent reported mild imbalance; none recovered completely. Discussion: VR is a non-invasive exercise program, easily performed at home, that has demonstrated to be effective in reducing imbalance, which in turns results in that many of the daily activities can be performed again.

Evaluation of physiotherapy in the treatment of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease / Avaliação do tratamento fisioterapêutico na doença de Legg-Calvé-Perthes

INTRODUCTION: Physiotherapy using muscle strengthening and stretching exercises is claimed to have beneficial effects in the treatment of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease; however, no scientific evidence is available concerning effectiveness of treatment. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to clinically evaluate possible effects of the proposed physiotherapeutic effects compared to observational follow-up in patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. METHOD: A prospective follow-up study was conducted in 17 patients with unilateral Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, divided into 2 groups: Group A (observational follow-up) and Group B (physiotherapeutic follow-up). In order to evaluate the outcome of the adopted treatments, the following parameters were assessed: articular range of motion, level of muscular strength, level of articular dysfunction, and radiographic status, both before and after the treatment. RESULTS: Group B exhibited significant improvement in articular range of motion concerning hip flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, and lateral rotation, while in Group A an equally significant worsening occurred concerning abduction, adduction, and medial rotation. Muscular strength also improved in Group B, mainly in the set of hip flexor muscles, while Group A showed no changes. Articular dysfunction after therapy compared to pretherapy was significantly reduced in Group B and increased in Group A. Patients undergoing physiotherapy exercises showed no changes in their radiographic features. CONCLUSION: Physiotherapy produced significant improvement in articular range of motion, muscular strength, and articular dysfunction in patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, but these improvements were not evident on radiographs.

INTRODUÇÃO: A fisioterapia por meio de exercícios de fortalecimento e alongamento muscular é citada no tratamento de pacientes com doença de Legg-Calvé-Perthes; entretanto não há evidência científica sobre a efetividade do tratamento. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar clinicamente os possíveis efeitos dos exercícios fisioterapêuticos propostos em comparação com o acompanhamento observacional dos pacientes com doença de Legg-Calvé-Perthes. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo com 20 pacientes com doença de Legg-Calvé-Perthes unilateral, divididos em dois grupos: grupo A, acompanhamento observacional e grupo B, acompanhamento fisioterapêutico. Para avaliação dos resultados dos tratamentos adotados, foram avaliados os parâmetros: amplitude de movimento articular, grau de força muscular, grau de disfunção articular e quadro radiográfico, pré e pós-tratamento. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Houve no grupo B uma melhora estatisticamente significativa da amplitude de movimento articular para a flexão, extensão, abdução, adução, rotação medial e rotação lateral do quadril, enquanto no grupo A ocorreu uma piora, também significativa, da abdução, adução e rotação medial. A força muscular também melhorou no grupo B, principalmente no grupo dos flexores quadril, enquanto no grupo A não houve alteração. O grau de disfunção articular apresentou, em média, uma melhora estatisticamente significativa no grupo B e uma piora no grupo A em relação aos períodos pré e pós-tratamento. Os pacientes submetidos aos exercícios fisioterapêuticos não apresentaram modificação do quadro radiográfico.

Combined surgery in recurrent dislocation of the patella

Between January 2001, and January 2003, eight operations were done on eight patients suffering from unilateral recurrent dislocation of the patella. Six were females and two males. The age of them ranged between 19 and 24 years [average 21.5 years]. The right knee was affected in four patients. The procedure was combined including lateral release [and closure of the gap after the release by a strip from the deep fascia of the distal thigh], and medial transposition of the tibial tuberosity. The operations were done at El-Minia University Hospital, and the follow-up period ranged from 9 months to 16 months [average 14.5 months]. The results were good in seven cases [87.5%], and one case [12.5%] with recurrence after trauma four months from surgery

Eficacia del ejercicio en isquemia controlada en pacientes con arteriopatía periférica y claudicación intermitente / Accuracy of exercise therapy in patients with intermittent claudication

21 pacientes con claudicación intermitente de severa a moderada fueron incorporadas prospectivamente en un programa de 12 semanas de ejercicios supervisado por kinesiólogo. Se indicó la supresión del hábito de fumar, ácido acetilsalicílico 100 mg/día y buflomedil 900 mg/día. El ejercicio consistió en un entrenamiento diario de caminatas de duración progresiva con un gradual incremento de la distancia caminada y una disminución del tiempo necesario para reiniciar la marcha, debiendo entonces continuar el ejercicio aun con discreto dolor. La hipoxia y acidosis así provocada actúa como un estímulo para el desarrollo de circulación colateral "ejercicio en isquemia controlada". La distancia caminada libre de dolor mostró un promedio de incremento porcentual de 258,9 por ciento en la tercer semana, 497,1 por ciento en la sexta semana y del 654 por ciento en la duodécima. La mejoría fue importante en los pacientes que continuaron fumando aunque significativamente menor. Los resultados muestran que el ejercicio constituye una efectiva terapia no quirúrgica en el paciente vascular periférico aun con claudicación severa siempre que se realice en forma reglada e intensiva debidamente supervisada por un kinesiólogo